Análise do perfil clínico de pacientes portadores de neoplasia ocular escamosa atendidos em hospital referência de oculoplástica / Analysis of the clinical profile of patients with squamous ocular neoplasms attended at a reference hospital of oculoplastics

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar o perfil clínico de pacientes portadores de neoplasias escamosas da superfície ocular. Métodos Foram avaliados os principais fatores de risco envolvidos na gênese das neoplasias escamosas da superfície ocular, as características clínicas dos pacientes e os hábitos comportamentais associados. Foram incluídos neste trabalho de coorte histórica 80 pacientes com diagnóstico anatomopatológico de neoplasia escamosa da superfície ocular atendidos entre os anos de 2010 e 2020 em um hospital referência em oculoplástica e segmento anterior de Santa Catarina. Os dados clínicos e desfechos foram avaliados por meio da análise de prontuário e entrevista, sendo posteriormente tabulados no Excel e submetidos à analise estatística por meio do software Statistical Pakage for the Social Sciences, versão 16. Resultados Foi observado que 73,8% (n=59) eram do sexo masculino. A média de idade da amostra foi de 62 anos. Quanto ao fototipo de pele, de acordo com a escala de Fitzpatrick, constatou-se que a maioria apresentou os fototipos 1 e 2 (22; 27,5% e 44; 55%, respectivamente). Em relação à exposição ocupacional ao sol/radiação, 48% (n=60) apresentaram história de exposição ocupacional, sendo que, destes, 28 pacientes trabalhavam no setor de agricultura. Dos pacientes da amostra, 33 (41,2%) apresentavam histórico pessoal de neoplasias de pele, sendo que, destes, três apresentavam diagnóstico de xeroderma pigmentoso. Quanto ao hábito de uso de fatores de proteção solar, 61% (n=49) da amostra negou o hábito. Foi evidenciada associação estatisticamente significativa entre o hábito de usar fatores de proteção solar e histórico pessoal de neoplasias de pele. Em relação ao tipo de neoplasia escamosa, a maioria dos pacientes (72; 90%) apresentou diagnóstico anatomopatológico de carcinoma espinocelular ocular. Conclusão O perfil clínico epidemiológico dos pacientes portadores de neoplasias escamosas da superfície ocular neste estudo, predominantemente de carcinoma espinoceular ocular, foi de homens, idosos, de pele clara (fototipo 2) e com histórico importante de exposição aos raios solares ultravioleta A e B. Comorbidades imunodepressoras (HIV e transplante de órgão sólido) e doenças dermatológicas (albinismo e xeroderma pigmentoso) associaram-se ao aparecimento das neoplasias escamosas da superfície ocular em idade mais precoce. Em pacientes com histórico pessoal prévio de neoplasias de pele, foi evidenciado o hábito de uso de fatores de protetor solar mais presente em relação aos demais.

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the clinical profile of patients with ocular surface squamous neoplasms (OSSN). Methods The main risk factors involved in the genesis of the ocular surface squamous neoplasms, the clinical features, and the behavioral habits associated were evaluated. This historical cohort study included 80 patients with anatomopathological diagnosis of OSSN who were treated between 2010-2020 at a reference hospital in oculoplastic and anterior segment in Santa Catarina. The clinical data and outcomes were evalated through the analysis of medical records and interviews, being later tabulated in Excel and analyzed using the SPSS 16 software. Results Regarding the clinical profile of the patients in the sample, 73.8% (n = 59) were male. The mean age of the sample was 62 years old. As for the skin phototype, according to the Fitzpatrick scale, most of the sample presented the phototype 1 and 2 (27.5% n = 22; and 55% n = 44 respectively). Regarding occupational exposure to the sun / radiation, 48% (n = 60) had history of occupational exposure, and of these, 28 patients worked in the agricultural area. Of the patients of the sample, 33 (41.2%) had a personal history of skin neoplasms, and of these, 3 had diagnosis of xeroderma pigmentosum. As for the habit of using sun protection factors, 61% (n = 49) of the sample denied the habit. A statistically significant association was evidenced between the habit of using sun protection factors and people's history of skin cancer. Regarding the type of squamous neoplasia, most patients in the 90% sample (n = 72) had an anatomopathological diagnosis of ocular squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusion The clinical epidemiological profile of patients with OSSN in this study, predominantly ocular squamous cell carcinoma, was men, elderly, fair-skinned (phototype 2) and with an important history of exposure to UVA and UVB rays. Immunosuppressive comorbidities (HIV, solid organ transplant) and dermatological diseases (albinism, xeroderma pigmentosum) are associated with the appearance of OSSN at an early age. In patients with a previous personal history of skin neoplasms, the habit of using sunscreen factors was more present than in the other patients.

Melanoma uveal de cuerpo ciliar / Uveal melanoma of ciliary body

RESUMEN El objetivo de este reporte de caso fue identificar las características de un nevo abultado conjuntival en una paciente femenina de 72 años de edad. Se muestran las pruebas complementarias realizadas para llegar al diagnóstico de melanoma conjuntival, que consiste en un tumor poco frecuente, el cual constituye el 2 por ciento de todos los tumores del ojo. Las células involucradas son los melanocitos del epitelio conjuntival. Un factor de riesgo para esta entidad puede ser la exposición a la luz ultravioleta; sin embargo, esto no está bien determinado. La mayoría de los casos se originan de una melanosis adquirida primaria (50-70 por ciento). La presentación más común es una lesión pigmentada, unilateral, elevada, gruesa, con vasos sanguíneos y áreas de melanosis a su alrededor. Su diagnóstico se realiza con la sospecha clínica que se confirma con el estudio histopatológico. El tratamiento en la actualidad es la excisión local, seguida de crioterapia, radioterapia o quimioterapia. La enfermedad matastásica ocurre en el 11 - 42 por ciento y en el 20 - 52 por ciento de los pacientes en un seguimiento de 5 y 10 años, respectivamente(AU)

ABSTRACT The objective of this case report is to describe the characteristics of a conjunctival bulging nevus in a 72-year-old female patient and the complementary tests that were performed to reach the diagnosis of conjunctival melanoma. Conjunctival melanoma is a rare tumor, which account for 2 percent of all eye tumors. The cells involved are the melanocytes of the conjunctival epithelium. A risk factor for this entity may be exposure to ultraviolet light. However, it has not been precisely described. Most cases originate from a primary acquired melanosis (50-70 percent). The most common presentation is a pigmented, unilateral, elevated, thick, lesion with blood vessels and areas of melanosis around it. Its diagnosis is made with the clinical suspicion confirmed with the histopathological study. Current treatment is local excision, followed by cryotherapy, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy. Metastatic disease occurs in 11-42 percent and 20-52 percent of patients in a 5-year and 10-year follow-up, respectively(AU)

The Amazon Ocular Oncology Center: The first three years / Centro de Oncologia Ocular do Amazonas: primeiros três anos

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the first three years of The Amazon Ocular Oncology Center, the first ocular cancer center in the North of Brazil. Methods: Here, we report patient information including patients' age, gender, diagnosis, treatment, and city of origin. Results: Two hundred and twenty-one patients were included on this study: 160 (72%) patients came from the city of Manaus, 52 (24%) from other cities in Amazonas, and 9 (4%) from other states. Of the 221 patients, 150 (68%) were afflicted with benign lesions and the remaining 71 (32%) had malignant lesions. Benign diagnosis included pterygium, chalazium, conjunctival nevus, and papilloma, cataract, and retinal detachment. Of the malignant cases, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the conjunctiva was the most frequent with 43 cases (60%). Other diagnoses included choroidal melanoma (8 cases, 11%), retinoblastoma (7 cases, 9%), lymphomas (5 cases, 7%), basal cell carcinomas of the eyelid (4 cases, 5%), conjunctival melanoma (2 cases, 2%), and Kaposi sarcomas (1 case, 1%). Of the 43 patients with SCC, the mean age was 62 years old, and 30 (69%) were male; 29 patients (67%) were treated with an excisional biopsy, and 14 (33%) were treated with neoadjuvant topic chemotherapy, followed by surgery.

RESUMO Objetivo: Reportar sobre os primeiros três anos do Centro de Oncologia Ocular do Amazonas, primeiro centro de oncologia ocular na região Norte do Brasil. Métodos: Relatamos informações de diagnóstico, idade, sexo, tratamento e cidade de origem dos pacientes atendidos nos 3 primeiros anos. Resultados: Identificamos 221 pacientes, dos quais 160 (72%) eram da cidade de Manaus, 52 (24%) de outras cidades do Amazonas e 9 (4%) de outros estados. Dos 221 casos, 150 (68%) eram lesões benignas e 71 (32%) malignas. Lesões benignas incluíram pterígio, calázio, nevus e papiloma de conjuntiva, catarata e descolamento de retina. Das lesões malignas a mais comum foi o carcinoma escamoso de conjuntiva com 43 casos (60%). Outros diagnósticos incluíram melanoma de coróide (8 casos, 11%), retinoblastoma (7 casos, 9%), linfomas (5 casos, 7%), carcinoma da pálpebra (4 casos, 5%), melanoma da conjunctiva (2 casos, 2%) e sarcoma de Kaposi (1 caso, 1%). Dentre os CEC de conjuntiva, a idade media foi de 62 anos e 30 pacientes (69%) eram do sexo masculino. Vinte e nove casos (67%) foram tratados com biópsia excisional e 14 (33%) com quimioterapia tópica neoadjuvante seguida de cirurgia.

Carcinoma de células escamosas de la conjuntiva en adultos jóvenes inmunocompetentes / Squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva observed in immunocompromised young adults

Se presentan dos casos de pacientes jóvenes VIH negativos, clínicamente inmunocompetentes, sin antecedentes de exposición actínica prolongada ni riesgo ocupacional, con diagnóstico de carcinoma escamoso de conjuntiva. Presentación inusual en este tipo de lesión que se caracteriza por ser más frecuente a partir de la sexta década de vida, en personas expuestas a las radiaciones ultravioletas o con inmunocompromiso. Su incidencia varía entre 0,13 y 1,9 casos por 100 000 habitantes y ocupa el segundo lugar en frecuencia de los tumores malignos oculares. Se realizó biopsia excisional amplia con margen de 5 mm, crioterapia en las márgenes de la lesión e injerto de membrana amniótica en ambos casos, sin recidiva tumoral en dos años de evolución.

Two cases of young HIV-negative clinically immunocompromised patients, with no history of prolonged actinic exposure or occupational risk, and diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva were presented. This is an unusual presentation in this type of injury that is more frequent after 60 years of age in people exposed to ultraviolet radiation or immunocompromised. Its incidence ranges 0,13 to 1,9 cases per 100,000 pop and ranks second infrequency of ocular malignancies. Excisional biopsy was performed with a 5 mm wide margin, cryotherapy in the borders of the lesion and amniotic membrane grafting were also performed in both cases, without tumor recurrence after two years of evolution.

Perspectivas en la genómica del retinoblastoma: Implicaciones del gen supresor de tumor RB1 / Genomic retinoblastoma perspectives: Implications of supressor gene of tumor RB1

In order to define the molecular and cellular bases of the development of retinoblastomas it is necessary to know its etiology, and to apply the advances in genome technology to this kind of neoplasia. Retinoblastomas are childhood tumors of the eye with an average incidence of one case in every 15,000-20,000 live births, which occur in sporadic and hereditary forms. The sporadic form appears regularly as a unilateral tumor, while in the familial form of the disease, tumors may be unilateral and bilateral. This neoplasia is characterized by leukocoria, strabism, and heterochromia. The retinoblastoma gene (RBl) is a molecular marker of retinoblastoma tumors. This gene is located in chromosome 13q14.2 and encodes a nuclear phosphoprotein (pRB) of 110 KDa, which plays a major role in cell proliferation control through cell cycle-regulated phosphorylation/dephosphorylation cycles of this protein. The RBl gene is mainly affected by point mutations, which occur most frequently in exons 3, 8, 18 and 20. At the end of the last century, DNA technology has improved notably, allowing for its application to the study of a vast array of diseases. The aim of this work is to show the molecular aspects involved in retinoblastoma which are currently deciphering; this is possible thanks to new technology platforms that have been developed. This will allow us in a near future, to offer tests for the early diagnoses, prognoses, and the determination of individual predisposition towards this neoplasia.

El retinoblastoma es una neoplasia embrionaria que se manifiesta en dos formas: esporádica (no heredada) o familiar (heredada). En los casos esporádicos el tumor es unilateral y en la forma familiar puede presentarse de manera unilateral o bilateral. Esta neoplasia tiene una incidencia promedio de 1/15,000 nacidos vivos, presentando signos y síntomas que incluyen leucocoria, estrabismo, midriasis unilateral y heterocromía. El gen que predispone al desarrollo de retinoblastoma es RBl y se localiza en el cromosoma 13 en la región ql4.2. El gen RBl codifica para una fosfoproteína nuclear que participa de manera importante en la regulación del ciclo celular. De acuerdo con la hipótesis de Knudson, para que se desarrolle la neoplasia se deben presentar dos mutaciones en el gen RBl. Las mutaciones puntuales son las que más frecuentemente se presentan en el gen RBl; la mayoría de los estudios indican que los exones 3, 8, 18, 19 y 20 son las regiones de mutación preferencial. En la áltima década ha habido un gran avance en la tecnología del DNA, lo cual hace posible su aplicación en diferentes enfermedades. Estas herramientas moleculares podrían ser de gran utilidad en el diagnóstico o conocimiento de la predisposición a desarrollar un retinoblastoma. Entre estas valiosas herramientas se cuenta con la hibridación fluorescente realizada in situ, hibridación genómica comparativa, las microhileras y por áltimo la identificación de polimorfismos de un sólo nucleótido. En conclusión, actualmente se están descifrando los aspectos moleculares que están relacionados con el retinoblastoma, gracias a la aplicación de nuevas plataformas tecnológicas. Esto permitirá en un futuro próximo ofrecer pruebas para un diagnóstico temprano o para conocer el pronóstico y la predisposición de individuos a desarrollar esta patología. Con el fin de entender las bases celulares y moleculares del desarrollo del retinoblastoma, el objetivo del presente trabajo es mostrar el estado del arte del conocimiento de esta neoplasia, así como su origen y los avances en la genómica aplicada al retinoblastoma.

Prevalência de metástases oculares em pacientes com doença metastática reconhecida: resultados preliminares / Prevalence of ocular metastasis in patients with known metastatic disease: preliminary results

OBJETIVO: Avaliar de forma prospectiva a prevalência de metástases oculares, tumor primário mais freqüente e tecido ocular comprometido com mais freqüência pela metástase. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados consecutivamente pacientes internados em Hospital de referência em Oncologia (HSR) durante o período de janeiro 2001 a julho de 2002, portadores de neoplasia maligna e metástases sistêmicas. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a exame oftalmológico completo incluindo oftalmoscopia binocular indireta sob midríase farmacológica usando lente de 28 dioptrias e, em casos suspeitos de neoplasia, realizados ultra-som e angiografia fluorescente. Nos casos de dúvida diagnóstica, os pacientes foram submetidos à biópsia aspirativa com agulha fina. O diagnóstico de tumor ocular metastático foi estabelecido com base nas características clínicas e no resultado dos exames complementares citados. RESULTADOS: Os 100 pacientes estudados apresentaram idades entre 17 a 87 anos, sendo 71 do sexo feminino e 29 do masculino. Houve predomínio de indivíduos brancos (n=88) nesse grupo. Vinte e um pacientes apresentaram lesões oculares sugestivas de metástase. O tumor primário que originou metástase ocular mais freqüentemente foi o câncer de mama (28,6 por cento). Avaliando o tipo tumoral separadamente, o carcinoma de pulmão apresentou maior prevalência de metástase para o olho nesta amostra (71,5 por cento). A coróide foi comprometida em 57 por cento dos casos e a queixa ocular principal desses pacientes foi embaçamento ou diminuição da visão. Não houve diferença na freqüência de acometimento entre olho direito e esquerdo. CONCLUSAO: A prevalência de metástases oculares em pacientes com neoplasia maligna e doença metastática na amostra estudada pareceu significativa. As neoplasias que provocaram metástase ocular com maior freqüência foram: carcinoma de mama e pulmão, sendo que a coróide foi comprometida com maior freqüência.

Les tumeurs malignes de l'oeil et ses annexes. Aspects histo-epidemiologiques de 64 cas observes en 10 ans (1994-2003) dans les CHU d'Abidjan

Il s'agit d'une etude retrospective portant sur 64 cas de tumeurs malignes de l'oeil et ses annexes diagnostiques dans les laboratoires d'anatomie pathologique des centres hospitaliers et universitaires (CHu) de Treichville et de Cocody de 1994 a 2003 (10 ans). AU PLAN EPIDEMIOLOGIQUE : Nous avons observe que les tumeurs malignes de l'oeil et ses annexes etaient rares en Cote d'ivoire avec une frequence annuelle de 6;4 cas. L'age variait de 0 a 74 ans avec une moyenne de 18;6 ans. La predominance masculine est significative. Selon le motif de consultation les patients ont ete recus pour : masse ophtalmique (40;63pour cent); exophtalmie (34;38pour cent); leucocorie (14;66pour cent); hemorragie sous conjonctivale (6;25pour cent) et strabisme (4;69pour cent). AU PLAN HISTOLOGIQUE : Nous avons observe six (05) differents types histologiques:-le retinoblastome 48;44pour cent; -le carcinome epidermoide 31;25pour cent; -les lymphomes malins non Hodgkiniens 12;50pour cent; -le melanome malin 4;69pour cent;-la maladie de Bowen 3;13pour cent. AU NIVEAU DE LA CORRELATION HISTO-EPIDEMIOLOGIQUE : L'age et le siege variaient selon le type histologique. - Le retinoblastome; tumeur intraoculaire ne s'exprimait que chez les enfants de 0 a 15 ans. - Le lymphome de Burkitt ne s'observait que chez l'enfant de 0 a 15 ans avec pour localisation preferentielle l'orbite. - Le carcinome epidermoide; le melanome malin; la maladie de Bowen et les autres lymphomes malins non hodgkiniens s'observaient surtout chez le sujet age et n'avaient pas de localisations preferentielles

Epidemiology of ocular malignancies in Karachi.

The study was conducted with the objective of examining descriptive epidemiological characteristics of malignant ocular tumours in Karachi (1998-2002). The data for two hundred and forty two ocular malignancies registered at the Karachi Cancer Registry for Karachi Division during a 5-year period, from January 1(st) 1998 to December 31(st) 2002 were analysed. The age standardized incidence rate (ASIR) was 0.5/100,000 in males and 0.4/100,000 in females. The gender ratio (M:F) was 1.3. The mean age was 34.8 years (95% CI 30.1; 39.6) in males and 34.5 years (95% CI 28.0; 40.9) in females. A fourth of the malignancies were childhood tumours. The most common childhood malignancies were retinoblastomas and rhabdomyosarcomas, whereas the most common adult malignancies were conjunctival squamous cell carcinomas and melanomas. Approximately 97.0% of the tumours were histologically confirmed. The majority (62.5%) presented as low-grade (grade 1) lesions, and were localized to the eye (50%) at the time of diagnosis. The annual incidence rates remained stable during this period. The crucial importance of ocular malignancies is the high 5-year survival rates, associated disability following unilateral or bilateral enucleation and the implications as preventable components of Cancer Control Programs This article provides demographic statistics, which could be useful for the foundation, establishment and monitoring of a component of an effective cancer control program, the risk factors of ocular malignancies being well established. It is recommended that public health education to prevent ultraviolet light related ocular malignancies, information on preventative sun protection behavior, legislation for occupation related ocular cancers and genetic counseling for familial retinoblastoma should be essential primary components of all National Cancer Control Programs even in apparently low risk countries. In the long-term perspective, these efforts should further reduce the incidence - meanwhile stabilization of incidence rates could be achieved. Early detection and standardized treatment will reduce the associated morbidity and mortality.

Childhood malignancies at BS Medical College: a ten year study.

A retrospective study of malignant diseases of childhood was carried out at B. S. Medical College, Bankura, W.B. to know the prevalence. It includes cases detected in this institution during 1990-1999 in the age group of 0-14 years. Cases were identified from previous records. Histopathology slides, stained by hematoxylin and eosin, were recovered and reviewed. Diagnosis were made by morphology. Hematological diagnosis were made by morphology and cyto-chemistry. In total 120 cases were detected. Acute leukemia (39.2%) was the commonest, followed by retinoblastoma (19.2%), lymphoma (10.8%), Wilm's tumor (10%) and rhabdomyosarcoma (9.1%). Brain tumors were not found due to non-availability of Neurosurgical Unit in this institution. Frequency of neuroblastoma was very low, only 2 out of a total of 120. In comparison to studies in Southern India and Western countries retinoblastoma and soft tissue sarcoma are more prevalent here, while there is a much lower prevalence of neuroblastoma.

Morphological spectrum of ophthalmic tumors in Northern Pakistan

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to assess the frequency and pattern of ophthalmic tumours in Northern Pakistan. METHODS: This study included all ophthalmic tumours diagnosed during a one year period [January to December 1992]. One hundred and fourteen ophthalmic tumours were diagnosed at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology [AFIP] and Pathology Department of the Army Medical College [AMC], Rawalpindi. Of these tumours, 70 were malignant [61.5%] and 44 were benign [38.5%]. The age distribution of malignant ophthalmic tumours had two peaks. The first was seen in the paediatric age group and was mainly due to retinoblastoma. The second peak was seen above 50 years of age and was mainly due to conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma and malignant eyelid tumours which constituted 85% of the malignant ophthalmic tumours in paediatric age group. The average age at presentation of retinoblastoma was 3.8 years. The average age at presentation for squamous cell carcinoma was 56 years. Basal cell carcinoma was the most common malignant eyelid tumour [55%]. The most common extraocular malignant orbital tumour was non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Malignant melanoma of the uvea formed 22% of all melanomas diagnosed during this period. The most common benign tumours were naevi [33%], epidermal inclusion cysts [18%], choristomata [16%] and haemangioma [8%]. The malignant ophthalmic tumours constituted 3% of all the malignant tumours diagnosed in Northern Pakistan during 1992 at AFIP and AMC, Rawalpindi. The ophthalmic tumours, both benign and malignant are not infrequent in clinical practice in Northern Pakistan

Lesiones de la fosa de glándula lagrimal / Injuries of the lachrymal gland fossa

Objetivos: Determinar el tipo de lesiones que ocupan la fosa de la glándula lagrimal en pacientes mayores de 15 años de edad. Material y Método: De un total de 144 pacientes con masas orbitarias se encontraron 42 con masas ubicadas en la región súpero-temporal de la órbita, determinando su naturaleza benigna o no, según el estudio clínico-patológico. Resultados: 22 (52,4 por ciento) lesiones malignas y 20 (47,6 por ciento) lesiones benignas. Entre las malignas, el linfoma no Hodgkin (8 casos) y el carcinoma adenoide quístico (5 casos), fueron los más frecuentes, y entre las benignas, el quiste dermoide (5 casos), el adenoma pleomórfico (4 casos) y la inflamación crónica inespecífica (en 4), fueron las principales. Conclusiones: Si se considera que entre las masas que ocupan espacio en la órbita de nuestros pacientes mayores de 15 años, el 61,8 por ciento son benignas y el 38,2 por ciento son malignas, cuando la masa se ubica en la fosa de la glándula lagrimal la posibilidad de malignidad sube a un 50 por ciento, estamos obligados a estar más alertas frente a este tipo de ubicación orbitaria

Incidencia de Retinoblastoma en el Servicio de Oftalmología del Hospital General del Sur / Occurrience of retinoblasma at the service of ophthalmology at south Hospital General

Se estudia la incidencia de 7 casos de retinoblastoma, de los cuales 5 casos resultaron unilaterales y 1 caso bilateral, diagnosticado por Clínica BM, oftalmoscopía directa e indirecta, ecografía, RX, TAC, etc. Convocados todos ellos por anatomía patológica, excepto uno de ellos que resultó rabdomiosarcoma histológicamente, 6 de los casos fueron estudiados por los servicios en conjunto de pediatría, oftalmología y anatomía patológica y 1 caso por neurocirugía, además de los servicios nombrados. En ningún caso fue aplicada la fotocoagulación con rayos laser

Leucemia linfoblástica aguda e envolvimento ocular / Ocular involvement in acute lymphoblastic leucemia

Relato de 3 casos de Leucemia Linfoblástica Aguda com envolvimento ocular. Discorrem a respeito dos modos pelos quais o globo ocular e órbita podem ser envolvidos, seja em consequência das alteraçöes hematológicas inerentes às leucemias ou pela infiltraçäo neoplásica. Comentam acerca do globo ocular como Santuário das Leucemias e relatam complicaçöes terapêuticas que com a evoluçäo da oftalmologia podem ser manejadas com objetivo de melhorar a qualidade de vida destes pacientes

Patología tumoral oftalmica en el hospital Dr. Luis E. Aybar: revisión de casos y estadísticas en el período 1980-1990 / Opthalmic tumoral pathology in the Hospital Dr. Luis E. Aybar: review of cases and statistic in the period 1980-1990

Un total de 129 patologías tumorales se diagnosticaron en el período 1980-1990 en el departamento de Anatomía Patológica del Hospital Dr. Luis E. Aybar en Santo Domingo, R. D., con una amplia gama de casos, entre los que se destacaron Carcicomas epidermoide, Retinoblastomas y Melanocarcicomas entre los malignos, en tanto que los Nevos y Papilomas fueron las lesiones benignas más frecuentes. Se hace estudio estadístico

Malignant tumours of the eye and adnexa.

We analysed 262 consecutive histopathologically proved cases of malignant tumours of the eye and its adnexa seen over a nine year period. Two peaks were observed in the age distribution one in the first decade due to retinoblastoma and another between forty one to sixty years due to malignant lid tumours especially meibomian carcinoma. Males (56%) were affected more often. Intraocular tumours (34%) formed the commonest group of malignant orbito-ocular tumours; lacrimal gland tumours (3%) occurred least frequently. Of the individual tumours, retinoblastoma (32%) was seen most often followed by squamous cell carcinoma (25%). The frequency of meibomian gland carcinoma in Madras was significantly more than in North India. Extra-ocular malignant melanomas out-numbered intraocular (uveal) malignant melanomas. The significance of these observations is discussed.

Neoplasias malignas do globo ocular e demais conteúdos orbitários no Hospital Erasto Gaertner - (1973/1986) / Malignant neoplasms of ocular globe and others orbital contents at Erasto Gaertner Hospital (1973/1986)

Os autores apresentam a freqüência das neoplasias malígnas do Globo Ocular e Demais Conteúdos Orbitários. Estudam os 69 casos destas neoplasias malígnas atendidas no Hospital Erasto Gaertner, no período de 1973 a 1986, comparando-as com as freqüencias em relaçäo as outras regiöes anatômicas. Fazem um levantamento da literatura sobre a freqüência destes tumores em outros países e regiöes braileiras, procurando evidenciar algumas diferenças regionais

Incidencia del retinoblastoma en Cuba en el período de 1964 a 1980 / incidence of retinoblastoma in Cuba during 1964-1980 period

Se expone en el presente trabajo la incidencia del retinoblastoma en Cuba en el período de 1964 a 1980; se señala que para el cálculo de esta cifra se tomaron los datos del Registro Nacional del Cáncer y su valor se comparó con las cifras reportadas en la literatura médica. Se presenta además la distribución territorial de los casos en el período analizado

Retinoblastoma / Retinoblastoma

El presente trabajo está basado en la evaluación del diagnóstico, presentación, tratamiento y sobrevida de 360 pacientes con retinoblastoma atendidos en el I.N.E.N. entre los años 1952 y 1986. El 73.3 por ciento de los pacientes tuvieron retinoblastoma unilateral y el 26.7 por ciento bilateral. El 97.3 por ciento de casos fueron de presentación esporádica y el 2.7 por ciento tienen historia familiar positiva, con patrón de transmisión autosómico dominante. El 65.5 por ciento de los pacientes proceden de Lima. La leucocoria fue el signo más frecuente que condujo al diagnóstico. El 40 por ciento de los pacientes presentaron proptosis en la primera consulta, La edad promedio al momento del diagnóstico de los pacientes con retinoblastoma unilateral fue de 35.8 meses (2-144 meses) y en los bilaterales fue de 22.4 meses (0-89 meses). El tiempo promedio de enfermedad fue de 9.2 meses (1-48 meses). Se demostró una relación directa entre el tiempo de enfermedad y el estadio clínico de la misma. La aplicación de los criterios de clasificación T.N.M. de la U.I.C.C., demostró que el 19.4 por ciento de los pacientes correspondieron a estadio I, el 18.6 por ciento al estadio II, el 48.6 por ciento al estadio III y el 13.3 a estadio IV. No se demostró ninguna diferencia, estadísticamente significativa, entre la edad al diagnóstico y el estadio T.N.M., tanto para la presentación unilateral como para la bilateral. El 52.5 por ciento de los pacientes eran de sexo masculino y el 47.7 por ciento de sexo femenino. No se demostró diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el sexo, edad al diagnóstico y estadio clínico-patológico del retinoblastoma. Tampoco hubo predominancia sobre compromiso del ojo derecho o izquierdo. La coroides se encontró comprometida por tumor en el 82 por ciento de los ojos enucleados. El nervio óptico se demostró infiltrado en el 66 por ciento y la red linfática en el 57.8 por ciento de los casos. En relación a los tipos histológicos, la incidencia fue de 7 por ciento, 30 por ciento, 37 por ciento, 27 por ciento, para los tipos bien diferenciado, medianemente diferenciado, poco diferenciado e indiferenciado, respectivamente. Se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre el tipo histológico y el estadio T.N.M., determinándose que los tipos histológicos de buen pronóstico fueron el bien diferenciado y el medianamente diferenciado. No se encontró una relación directa entre el compromiso de la coroides y el patrón de metástasis. La sobr

Clinical analysis of tumors of the eye and its adnexa

The authors reviewed 250 cases of tumors in the eye and its adnexa diagnosed histopathologirally at the Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital during the last 10 years (Jan. 1976 - Dec. 1985). The results were summarized as follows: 1. The sex distribution revealed 130 males (52%) and 120 females (48%). 2. The tumors of the eye and its adnexa involved the lid 73 cases (29.2%), epibulbar tissue 72 cases (28.8%), the orbit 56 cases (22.4%), and intraocula. tissue 49 cases (19.6%) in decreasing order. 3. There were 159 cases (63.6%) of benign tumors and 91 cases (36.4%) of malignant tumors. 4. The most frequent malignant tumor of the eye and its adnexa was retinoblastoma, and the most frequent benign tumor was nevus. 5. Of the intraocular malignant tumors, the incidence of retinoblastoma was impressively higher than that of malignant melanoma in Koreans. 6. Of the primary malignant lid tumors, the relative incidence of squamous cellcarcinoma and sebaceous gland carcinoma to basal cell carcinoma in Koreanswas high in comparison with that of Caucasians.